Question 1 (1 point)
Which of the following is NOT an empirical question?
Question 1 options:
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Are women more talkative than men? |
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Is dieting an effective weight loss strategy? |
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Should we prohibit cell phone use while driving? |
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Does cognitive psychotherapy help depressed people? |
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The tendency to notice evidence that is consistent with our beliefs and ignore evidence that is inconsistent with
our beliefs is called _____.
Question 2 options:
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wishful thinking |
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confirmation bias |
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skepticism |
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common sense |
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Two important attitudes of scientists are skepticism and _____.
Question 3 options:
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emotional neutrality |
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mathematical ability |
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tolerance of uncertainty |
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religious agnosticism |
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Question 4 (1 point)
What is an empirically supported treatment?
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a psychological treatment that has been shown to work by scientific research |
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a psychological treatment that has not yet been tested |
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a psychological treatment that should work in theory but that does not work in practice |
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a psychological treatment that can, in principle, be tested |
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Researcher A says that people who got allowances as children are more financially responsible as adults
because they had more opportunity to learn how to handle money. Researcher B says that people who got
allowances as children are more financially responsible adults because they are responsible people in general …
which is why their parents gave the allowances in the first place. Which of the following best describes this state of
affairs?
Question 5 options:
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The researchers share the same hypothesis but are proposing different phenomena. |
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The researchers agree on the phenomenon but disagree about the theory. |
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The researchers have the same theory but different hypotheses. |
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The researchers are taking different perspectives on the same theory. |
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Which of the following is an advantage of narrow theories over broad theories?
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They are simpler. |
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They explain more phenomena. |
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They are less technical. |
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They make more precise predictions. |
Question 7 (1 point)
A theory that explains a behavior primarily in terms of why it happens is which of the following?
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a mechanistic theory |
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a typology |
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a functional theory |
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a hypothesis |
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In general, what do researchers conclude when their hypotheses are confirmed?
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It is time to switch to a new research topic. |
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They have proven their theory. |
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Their theory now has more support. |
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Nothing because a hypothesis cannot ever be confirmed. |
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The variable sex (male vs. female) is measured at the nominal level.
Question 9 options:
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True |
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False |
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Question 10 (1 point)
Intelligence is measured at the ratio level.
Question 10 options:
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True |
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False |
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Imagine that a research methods instructor accidentally includes concepts on an exam that he did not
actually cover in the course. This is a problem with which of the following?
Question 11 options:
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the exam’s face validity |
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the exam’s discriminant validity |
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the exam’s criterion validity |
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the exam’s content validity |
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Random selection and random assignment are the same thing.
Question 12 options:
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True |
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False |
Question 13 (1 point)
When will researchers typically abandon a theory?
Question 13 options:
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when it is criticized by other researchers |
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as soon as a hypothesis based on the theory is disconfirmed |
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after several hypotheses based on the theory are disconfirmed |
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r approximately 10 to 15 years |
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Which of the following is the most common type of sample in psychological research?
Question 14 options:
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a convenience sample |
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random sample |
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a haphazard sample |
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a stratified sample |
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There is a statistical relationship between two variables if which of the following is true?
Question 15 options:
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One of the variables has a higher mean than the other. |
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The average level of one variable differs across levels of the other. |
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The variables are conceptually similar (e.g., intelligence and common sense). |
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all of the above |
Question 16 (1 point)
Which of the following could NOT be the independent variable in an experiment?
Question 16 options:
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sexual abuse |
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study strategy |
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room temperature |
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mood |
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Which of the following studies most clearly has the directionality problem?
Question 17 options:
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a study on whether or not a person was sexually abused as a child and how paranoid he or she is as an adult |
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a study on the relationship between losing a limb and one’s self-esteem |
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a study relating college students’ study habits to their final exam performance |
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a study on the correlation between how much negative emotion a person has and how many physical |
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The most common source of research ideas in psychology is which of the following?
Question 18 options:
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previous research |
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informal observations |
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government regulations |
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suggestions from friends |
Question 19 (1 point)
What typically happens to a manuscript during the peer review process for a professional journal?
Question 19 options:
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The researcher gets comments on the manuscript from his or her friends before submitting it for publication |
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The manuscript is posted on the Internet and voted on by a large group of evaluators. |
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The journal editor sends the manuscript to three experts for their comments before deciding whether to publish it. |
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The manuscript is published and the journal editor then publishes comments from readers. |
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Which of the following is the best example of a construct?
Question 20 options:
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depression |
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number of siblings |
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height |
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annual income |
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A low test-retest correlation would probably not be a concern for a measure of which of the following?
Question 21 options:
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mood |
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intelligence |
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extroversion |
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conscientiousness |
Question 22 (1 point)
Which of the following is a common measure of internal consistency?
Question 22 options:
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test-retest correlation |
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split-half correlation |
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Cohen’s d |
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Cronbach’s alpha |
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Which of the following is generally true of measures created for use in scientific research?
Question 23 options:
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They can be used without permission. |
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They are described in a published article. |
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They should be properly referenced in any published work. |
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all of the above |
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After using any psychological measure, it is always good practice to do which of the following?
Question 24 options:
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write a thank you note to the creator of the measure |
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evaluate its reliability and validity based on the new data |
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publish the results in the Mental Measurements Yearbook |
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discuss participants’ responses with them |
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Question 25 (1 point)
What are the two defining features of an experiment?
Question 25 options:
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control of extraneous variables; statistical analysis of the results |
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statistical analysis of the results; a comparison of two groups |
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a comparison of two groups; manipulation of an independent variable |
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manipulation of an independent variable; control of extraneous variables |
